ABSTRACT
Introducción: En las dos últimas décadas, varios países de América Latina han experimentado múltiples brotes de la enfermedad de Chagas oral. El estudio: Estudio retrospectivo que analiza un brote de enfermedad de Chagas oral aguda en Sucre, Colombia durante diciembre-enero de 2020. Los casos fueron confirmados por diferentes métodos diagnósticos. Hallazgos: Durante dos semanas se confirmaron 16 casos, donde la edad media fue de 14 años. Del total, 14 pacientes fueron hospitalizados y 2 fallecieron. Las manifestaciones clínicas incluyeron: fiebre, edema facial, hepatoesplenomegalia. En 13 de los pacientes se observaron tripomastigotes de Trypanosoma cruzi en los frotis fino y grueso. La transmisión oral se estableció como la vía más probable. Conclusiones: La enfermedad de Chagas aguda transmitida por vía oral puede poner en peligro la vida o incluso ser mortal, por tanto, es urgente mejorar las medidas de control epidemiológico a nivel nacional y en otros países de América Latina.
Background:In the last two decades, several Latin Americancountrieshaveexperiencedmultiple outbreaksoforalChagasdisease.Thestudy: Retrospective study analyzing an outbreak of acute oralChagasdiseaseinSucre,Colombiaduring December-January 2020. The cases were confirmed by different diagnostic methods. During two Finding:weeks, 16 cases were confirmed, where the mean age was 14 years and 12 were male. Of the total, 14 patientswerehospitalizedand2died.Clinical manifestationsinclude:fever,facialedema, hepatosplenomegaly,In13ofthepatients Trypanosoma cruzi trypomastigotes were observed in thethinandthicksmears.Oraltransmissionis established as the most likely route in 14 of the patients. Acute orally transmitted Conclusions: Chagas disease can be life-threatening or even fatal, therefore, it is urgent to improve epidemiological control measures at the national level and in other Latin American countries.
ABSTRACT
The study of biological aging has seen a spectacularly fast progress in the last decade. Besides a better understanding and comprehension of physiological aspects, an important advance has been the identification of at least a hundred different genes which control the process of aging. Their mechanism of action falls within the expectations from a handful of theories which attempt to provide a global explanation of the phenomenon of aging, including free radicals, cell senescence and loss of regenerative capacity through the activation of stem cells. In this review we will concentrate in these biological aspects, with a special emphasis on animal models used to study both the genetics and physiology of aging as well as experimental approaches to test the aforementioned theories. It should be emphasized that, while the emphasis is in purely biological aspects of the process, the fast pace of aging of the world's population, including Chile, needs a rapid advance also in our understanding o fits social and economic implications.
Subject(s)
Animals , Humans , Aging/physiology , Cellular Senescence/physiology , Free Radicals/metabolism , Life Expectancy , Longevity/physiology , Models, Animal , Stem Cells/physiologyABSTRACT
Se estudiaron las características de personalidad, el perfil psicopatológico, los aspectos psicosociales y el conocimiento sobre la enfermedad en 19 pacientes hemofílicos adultos que habían sido evaluados psicológicamente en su niñez. Se utilizó la prueba de los 16 factores de la personalidad, el Inventario Multifacético de la Personalidad de Minnesota, una entrevista psicosocial y una encuesta de conocimiento de la enfermedad. Los sujetos pueden describirse como reservados, emotivos y dependientes. El perfil psicopatológico de este grupo es característico de personas con depresión, tristeza, dificultad para expresar sus sentimientos, inseguridad y necesidad de afecto. El 21 por ciento presentó dificultades para su integración a actividades sociales. El 52 por ciento están casados. Todos tienen al menos 9no. grado. El 78 por ciento tiene vínculo laboral activo. Todos poseen buen dominio de los aspectos esenciales de la enfermedad. En este grupo se observó una situación psicosocial más favorable que la reportada en este tipo de pacientes décadas atrás.
Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Data Collection , Hemophilia A , Sickness Impact ProfileABSTRACT
Serum levels of T-kininogen increase dramatically as rats approach the end of their lifespan. Stable expression of the protein in Balb/c 3T3 fibroblasts leads to a dramatic inhibition of cell proliferation, as well as inhibition of the ERK signaling pathway. T-kininogen is a potent inhibitor of cysteine proteinases, and we have described that the inhibition of ERK activity occurs, at least in part, via stabilization of the MAP kinase phosphatase, MKP-1. Since fibroblasts are not a physiological target of T-kininogen, we have now purified the protein from rat serum, and used it to assess the effect of T-kininogen on endothelial cells. Adding purified T-kininogen to EAhy 926 hybridoma cells resulted in inhibition of basal ERK activity levels, as estimated using appropriate anti-phospho ERK antibodies. Furthermore, exogenously added T-kininogen inhibited the activation of the ERK pathway induced by either bradykinin or T-kinin. We conclude that the age-related increase in hepatic T-kininogen gene expression and serum levels of the protein could have dramatic consequences on endothelial cell physiology, both under steady state conditions, and after activation by cell-specific stimuli. Our results are consistent with T-kininogen being an important modulator of the senescent phenotype in vivo